![]() ![]() Such systems were successfully applied to gait analysis, jumping analysis, upper limb evaluation and other physical tasks. Such systems can be easily integrated with other acquisition devices such as electromyography, video recording or force sensors, providing reliable sets of data for an integrated, multifactorial functional evaluation. The state of the art method to measure biomechanical parameters in common activities, like walking or running, is by using an optoelectronic system (OS) in conjunction with two or more floor mounted force plates (FP). Therefore, measurement protocols and sensors should be carefully designed to respect such ranges. Measuring GRF in sportive trials such as jumping or running is not an easy task, as the absolute value of recorded force may be as great as ~3–5-times the body weight (BW). higher peak pressures were observed on asphalt at the central and lateral rearfoot while in the case of natural grass contact time and contact area were significantly greater at the central rearfoot. The running or sportive performance may also be influenced by the type of surface on which it takes place, as it affects the load distribution. Studying the GRF during sportive tasks, such as running, is important as many lower limb injuries have been associated with “overuse phenomena” resulting from the repeated impact loading of the foot. The most common clinical exam, the Gait Analysis, requires the measurement of the walking kinematics and its boundary conditions represented by GRF, GRM and CoP. Measuring three-dimensional ground reaction forces (GRF), moments (GRM) and centre of pressure (CoP), as well as other biomechanical parameters, is a topic of great interest for the functional evaluation and biomechanics studies. Finally, we comparatively examined the methods in order to identify the most reliable approaches for the implementation of a ground reaction force estimator based on IMU data. The methods based on direct modelling were further classified according to the task studied (walking, running, jumping, etc.). The identified papers were classified according to the methodology proposed: (i) methods based on direct modelling (ii) methods based on machine learning. Scopus, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed databases were interrogated on the topic of Ground Reaction Forces estimation based on kinematic data obtained by IMUs. In this review, we identified, selected and categorized the methodologies for estimating the ground reaction forces from IMUs as proposed across the years. Non-wearable sensors, such as optoelectronic systems along with force platforms, remain the most accurate systems to record motion. As estimating kinetic quantities from kinematic data is not an easy task, several models and protocols have been developed over the years. One possible approach involves estimating the ground reaction forces from kinematic data obtained by inertial measurement units (IMUs) worn by the subject. In the last few years, estimating ground reaction forces by means of wearable sensors has come to be a challenging research topic paving the way to kinetic analysis and sport performance testing outside of labs. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |